Isukuicyumbatekinoroji yo kugerageza, izwi kandi nka tekinoroji yo kurwanya umwanda.Yerekeza ku kugenzura ibyanduza ibidukikije (ibintu bigira ingaruka ku bwiza, igipimo cyujuje ibisabwa cyangwa igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa, abantu n’inyamaswa) mugihe cyo gutunganya, kujugunya, kuvura, no kurinda Ikoranabuhanga.
Kwanduza ibyanduye bikubiyemo kwangiza ibicuruzwa no kwangiza abantu.
Kwanduza bikubiyemo kwanduza mu buryo butaziguye no kwanduza umusaraba (ibyo bita kwandura mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi).
Abantu niho havuka amasoko y’umwanda: umubiri wumuntu usohora ibice 100.000 kumunota (ingano yingana na 0.5 mm).
Basuka garama 6 kugeza kuri 13 za selile epidermal kumunsi, cyangwa hafi kilo 3,5 zingirabuzimafatizo zabantu.
Inkomoko y’umwanda uhumanya mucyumba gisukuye cya semiconductor, nyuma yo kwipimisha, abakozi bakora bagize 80%.
Kubintu bitandukanye, hari ibisabwa bitandukanye byo kurwanya umwanda.
Ibice byahagaritswe mu kirere (bitari ibinyabuzima na biologiya)
Guhagarika kwanduza molekile mu kirere
⑶ virusi
V Kunyeganyega gato
Electric Amashanyarazi ahamye
Process Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro uburyo bukoreshwa: gazi yinganda zifite isuku nyinshi, gaze idasanzwe, amazi meza cyane n’imiti yanduye cyane nindi myanda ijyanye nayo.
Ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga bisukuye birimo:
Technology Isuku yo gutahura ibyumba (icyumba gisukuye mu nganda, icyumba rusange gisukuye hamwe nicyumba gisukuye cyibinyabuzima): harimokweza ikirere, imitako yo kubaka, kugenzura inkomoko yanduye na anti-fretting.
Gutegura, gutwara no kweza imyuka y’inganda zifite isuku nyinshi, imyuka idasanzwe, amazi meza cyane n’imiti yera cyane.
Kumenya no gukurikirana ibyanduye.
Ahantu ho gukoreshwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga risukuye harimo:
Microelectronics, optoelectronics, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki;ibikoresho, imashini zisobanutse;ubuhanga bwa farumasinaibinyabuzima;ibinyobwa,ubwubatsi bwibiryo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-28-2021